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A list of function calls that shows exactly where an error happened and who called whom.
Printed when an error is thrown, showing the call chain from the throw site to the entry point. Read top-to-bottom: the top line is where the error occurred; each subsequent line is the caller. File names and line numbers are included.
Captured from the call stack at the point of Error construction (not throw). V8 lazily formats the trace via Error.prepareStackTrace. Stack depth is limited (~10K frames by default); deep recursion truncates. Source maps translate minified positions to original source.