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A piece of text — letters, numbers, or symbols wrapped in quotes.
A sequence of characters. Most languages treat strings as immutable values with operations like concat, slice, and split. Internally usually stored as UTF-8 or UTF-16 bytes.
A sequence of code units in some character encoding. JavaScript strings are UTF-16 with surrogate pairs for code points above U+FFFF. Rust strings are guaranteed-valid UTF-8 byte sequences. String operations have surprising complexity once grapheme clusters and normalization enter the picture.