DOM

A tree-shaped map of your web page that JavaScript can read and change — like a remote control for every element on screen.

A language-neutral API that represents an HTML or XML document as a tree of nodes. JavaScript uses DOM methods (querySelector, createElement, addEventListener) to read, create, and modify elements in real time.

The DOM Living Standard defines interfaces (Node, Element, Document, Event) implemented by the browser's rendering engine. Mutations trigger style recalculation, layout, and paint phases. MutationObserver provides asynchronous notification of subtree changes without the performance cost of deprecated mutation events.