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A standard map from numbers to letters so computers can store text.
A 7-bit character encoding that maps 128 numeric codes to letters, digits, punctuation, and control characters. The capital letter 'A' is 65; '0' (the digit) is 48.
ANSI X3.4 character set, defined in 1963. Each character occupies a 7-bit code point (extended to 8 bits for the high half in many vendor extensions). Superseded by Unicode/UTF-8 for modern text but remains the universal subset all encodings agree on for the first 128 code points.